Multi-layeredspatial–hierarchical model of protected zones in buildings and structures
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2026.116.460-469Keywords:
protected spaces, building safety, blastloads, structural core, civil protection, multi-level protection model, residential and public buildingsAbstract
The growth of military threats and increased risks for the civilian population make the problem of increasing the level of security of buildings and integrating protective functions into their spatial structure more urgent. Traditionally, the issue of population protection is considered mainly in the context of creating specialized protective structures or increasing the strength of individual structural elements. At the same time, the spatial and structural organization of a building as a factor in the formation of potentially protected zones has not been studied sufficiently.
The purpose of the study is to develop a multi-level structural and spatial model of protected zones in the structure of residential and public buildings.
The study uses methods of analyzing scientific sources, comparative analysis of international regulatory documents and generalizing the practice of organizing protective spaces in different countries. The results of studies of the impact of explosive loads on buildings, the principles of increasing the resistance of structures to dynamic impacts, as well as international experience in integrating protected spaces into the structure of buildings are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to regulatory requirements and practical solutions used in NATO countries, in particular in Israel, Singapore, Finland, Switzerland, Norway and the United Kingdom.
As a result of the study, a concept of a multi-level structural-spatial model of protected zones in a building was formed, which is based on the differentiation of the internal space of the building depending on its location relative to the external shell and the structural core. The proposed model involves the allocation of several spatial levels of protection: the external shell of the building, transitional (buffer) zones, internal spaces and the structural core.
The role of the structurally separated core of the building as the central element of the system of protected zones is substantiated, as well as the value of transitional spatial layers, which can perform the function of an additional structural barrier between the external environment and the internal zones of the building.
For an analytical assessment of the potential level of protection of different parts of the building, a space protection index is proposed, which takes into account the spatial location of the room, the number of structural barriers, the characteristics of the enclosing structures and the proximity to the structural core of the building.
The proposed model is universal in nature and can be used for the analysis of residential and public buildings, as well as used as a theoretical basis for further research into the architectural typology of protected spaces and the development of recommendations for improving the security of buildings in the face of modern military risks.
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