Assessment of the stress-strain state of a retaining wall taking into account its spatial rigidity in dense urban development conditions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2026.116.414-424Keywords:
stress-strain state, numerical modelling, retaining walls, geodetic monitoring, spatial rigidity, 2D finite element model, 3D finite element modelAbstract
In the context of modern construction development, especially in densely populated urban areas, the use of deep excavations has become an integral part of the construction of multi-level car parks, bomb shelters, high-rise buildings, etc. Excavations often reach depths of more than 7-10 metres, which requires the development and implementation of engineering protection measures to prevent soil collapse and reduce the impact on existing buildings. One of the most common structural solutions is the construction of retaining walls from bored piles. In order to select effective parameters for retaining walls and take into account the impact of excavation and enclosing structures on existing buildings, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the stress-strain state of the elements of the ‘soil - retaining walls - existing buildings’ system using numerical modelling.
The study evaluates the impact of numerical modelling methodology on determining the stress-strain state (SSS) of the elements of the ‘soil – retaining walls – existing buildings’ system for the construction of a deep excavation in the dense urban development of Kyiv. The results of flat (2D) and spatial (3D) finite element models (FEM) are compared with empirical data from geodetic monitoring (additional settlements of existing buildings and horizontal displacements of retaining wall piles).
The modelling was implemented in the Plaxis software package using the Hardening Soil Model (HSM) elastic-plastic model with the Coulomb-Mohr strength criterion, which takes into account the nonlinear dependence of soil deformation characteristics on stress levels. The modelling takes into account the following sequential stages: formation of the initial stress-strain state of the soil base during its sedimentation, change in stresses due to loading from the foundations of previously constructed structures, and the effects of soil unloading during the development of deep excavations.
The results of the modelling allow us to conclude that the use of spatial FEM makes it possible to more comprehensively assess the stress-strain state of the elements of the ‘soil – retaining walls – existing buildings’ system, taking into account the factor of spatial rigidity.
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