Structural design under blast loading: from simplified models to advanced dynamic analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2026.116.243-250Keywords:
engineering defense structures, fortification structures, critical infrastructure objects, damage factors, blast-shock wave, building structuresAbstract
Relevance. In the context of the full-scale war of russia against Ukraine, the issues of ensuring the reliability and survivability of buildings and structures under blast loading caused by aerial attack means, missile and artillery strikes, and other damaging factors are of particular relevance.
Modern engineering practice provides the use of several principal methods for analyzing structures under blast wave effects, among which the most widely applied are the quasi-static method, the impulse (shock impulse) method, and the direct integration method of the equations of motion.
Despite the availability of these methods, their practical application in the design of protective structures is complicated by the lack of generalized recommendations for selecting an appropriate calculation method depending on loading conditions, structural configuration, and the consequence class of the facility.
The aim of this study is to systematize existing methods for analyzing building structures under the action of blast waves, to examine their advantages and limitations, and to improve approaches to modeling loads and the dynamic response of structures.
Results. The work summarizes the main methods of calculating building structures for the effects of an blast-shock wave, the shock impulse method, and the method of direct integration of equations of motion, which allowed us to determine their areas of effective application. It was established that the quasi-static method is advisable to use at the initial stages of design to obtain engineering estimates, while the method of direct integration of equations of motion provides the most accurate results in a detailed analysis of the operation of structures under the action of a blast-shock wave. The results of the study can be used to improve the regulatory framework in the field of designing structures for special impacts.
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