Study of the Propagation of Explosive and Impulsive Loads in Soil Environments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2026.116.67-74Keywords:
explosive loads, impulsive loads, structural dynamics, soil media, wave propagation, stress-strain state, plastic deformationsAbstract
The paper considers the features of propagation of explosive and impulsive loads in soil media and their influence on the stress-strain state of building structures. It is shown that modern design approaches are often based on the quasi-static representation of explosive loads, which does not fully reflect their dynamic nature and may lead to reduced accuracy of calculations. The time characteristics of a blast wave, including the positive and negative phases, are analyzed, and analytical relationships for determining overpressure and load impulses are presented. The application of the Friedlander equation and simplified triangular approximations for engineering calculations is discussed.
Special attention is paid to the propagation of wave processes in soil masses, including longitudinal, transverse, and surface waves, as well as to the influence of the physical and mechanical properties of soils on wave attenuation and transformation. It is established that the nature of energy transfer from an explosion largely depends on the interaction conditions between the explosive source and the soil medium, the depth of charge placement, and the structural heterogeneity of the soil. It is shown that in the case of buried explosions, a significant part of the energy is transferred into the soil, generating intense wave processes that may substantially affect structures.
The nonlinear elastoplastic behavior of soils under dynamic loading is analyzed, which is accompanied by the development of plastic deformations, compaction, and decompaction processes. The necessity of considering these effects in modeling the dynamic response of the “soil–structure” system is emphasized. Taking into account the negative phase of the blast wave and the nonlinear properties of soils makes it possible to improve the reliability of computational models and to ensure a more accurate assessment of structural performance under extreme loading conditions.
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