A protective shelter sheet steel structural behaviour numerical simulation when hit by a fragment from an impacting UAV
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2026.116.35-40Keywords:
finite element method, dynamic analysis, penetration, protective shelters, plate structures, armored steel, low-alloy steel.Abstract
It has been determined that, under the conditions of the war of the russian federation against Ukraine, the problem of selecting cost-effective and efficient solutions for the design of protective shelters is highly relevant. A review of the literature has shown that previous studies focused on the behaviour of protective structures subjected to small-arms bullet impacts, while the impact of fragments from strike UAVs has not been considered. It is noted that steel plate protective structures are advantageous due to the high speed of construction. From practical experience in the design of protective shelters, it is known that, due to the limited availability of armored steel plate sizes, plate structures must be designed as multilayer systems.
It is proposed to use single-layer plate structures of greater thickness made of low-alloy steel with lower strength. Numerical modeling of fragment penetration from a strike UAV into steel structures of protective shelters under the conditions of Ukraine was carried out. The size, velocity, and material parameters of the fragment were adopted in accordance with the strike UAV used by the adversary. A dynamic analysis was performed using the finite element method with the ANSYS software package. To model the material behaviour of steel, the Johnson–Cook model was adopted—an empirical material model used to describe the behaviour of metals under large deformations, high strain rates, and elevated temperatures.
Two numerical simulations were conducted for different thicknesses of steel plates for both armored steel and low-alloy steel. The sufficient thickness required to prevent fragment penetration was determined for steel plates made of armored and low-alloy steel. It was established that, instead of multilayer armored steel plate structures, single-layer structures made of low-alloy steel can be used in protective shelters, providing several-fold reductions in material cost. The results of this study make it possible to apply more economical and less labor-intensive structural solutions in the design of protective shelters, with a reduced number of welded assembly connections.
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