Adjustment of basement rooms of buildings for shelter for the civilian population
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2023.110.483-495Keywords:
war, Civil Defense Code of Ukraine, protection of the civilian population, the simplest shelters, reinforcement of shelter structures, adaptation of existing basementsAbstract
A feature of the russia's war against Ukraine is the huge number of casualties among the civilian population in the first months of the war.
The insufficient number of protective structures (storages, anti-radiation shelters, dual-purpose structures), their technical condition and availability, as well as recommendations for sheltering the population in the simplest shelters – basements of residential buildings – lead to mass casualties among the civilian population.
The definition of the term "simplest shelter" does not provide for the protection of the population from the effects of the means of destruction, but only the reduction of their effects. According to the definition of regulatory documents, only a part (more or less than half of its height) of basement and basement premises is located below the surface of the ground and, accordingly, these premises are as vulnerable as the above-ground floors.
Normative documents on the protection of the civilian population, which became the basis of the state building regulations of Ukraine in 1997, were developed in the middle of the 20th century, and the changes that were made in 25 years did not change the parameters and equipment of protective structures.
The main goal of the study is to development of measures that provide an opportunity to ensure full protection of the civilian population not involved in the work of critical infrastructure.
The set goal outlined a list of research tasks, namely, reducing the number of victims among the civilian population by adapting the existing basements of multi-story buildings for shelter to protect the population from the effects of conventional means of destruction and the side effects of modern weapons of mass destruction (chemical); fragments of destroyed building structures; of an air shock wave with an estimated excess pressure of not less than ∆Pф =20 kPa (0.2 kg/cm²)
Specialists of the "Renaissance" NGO proposed project solutions for creating shelters in the basements of existing residential buildings by strengthening the structures enclosing the basements.
The listed measures enable the residents of houses living in cities on the territory controlled by Ukraine, but under constant rocket fire, to stay in their houses and rest at night in a protected space.
References
Kodeks tsyvilnoho zakhystu Ukrainy. (Civil Protection Code of Ukraine) Dokument 5403-VI, chynnyi, potochna redaktsiia – Redaktsiia vid 31.03.2023.
DBN V.1.2-4:2019 Inzhenerno-tekhnichni zakhody tsyvilnoho zakhystu (tsyvilnoi oborony) (Engineering and technical measures of civil protection (civil defense). – Chynnyi vid 2019-08-01. – Kyiv, Minrehion 2019.
DBN V.2.2-5-97 Zakhysni sporudy tsyvilnoi oborony. Budynky I sporudy (Protective structures of civil defense. Buildings and structures)– Chynnyi vid 2019-01-01. – Kyiv :Minrehion, 2018.
Deiaki pytannia vykorystannia zakhysnykh sporud tsyvilnoho zakhystu. (Some issues of using protective structures of civil protection) Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 10 bereznia 2017 r. № 138. Dokument 138-2017-p, chynnyi, potochnaredaktsiia – Redaktsiia vid 18.02.2023, pidstava - 134-2023-p.
DSTU B A.2.2-7:2010. Proektuvannia. Rozdil inzhenerno-tekhnichnykh zakhodiv tsyvilnoho zakhystu (tsyvilnoi oborony) u skladi proektnoi dokumentatsii obiektiv. Osnovni polozhennia. (Designing. Section of engineering and technical measures of civil protection (civil defense) as part of project documentation of objects. Substantive provisions)– Chynnyi vid 2010 -01-19. Kyiv :Minrehion, 2010.
DBN V.2.2-40-2018. Inkliuzyvnist budivel I sporud. Osnovni polozhennia. (Inclusiveness of buildings and structures. Substantive provisions) – Chynnyi vid 2019–04–01. – Kyiv.: Minrehion. 2018.
DBN V.2.2-15:2019 Zhytlovi budynky. Osnovni polozhennia. (Residential buildings. Substantive provisions) – Chynnyi vid 2019–12–01. – Kyiv.: Minrehion. 2019. – p. 42.
Metodychni rekomendatsii shchodo proektuvannia ta prystosuvannia inzhenernykh ta inshykh sporud pid protyradiatsiini ukryttia (Methodological recommendations for the design and adaptation of engineering and other structures for anti-radiation shelters) // Instytut derzhavnoho upravlinnia ta naukovykh doslidzhen z tsyvilnoho zakhystu 2021.
Orhanizatsiia ukryttia naselennia u fondi zakhysnykh sporud tsyvilnoho zakhystu. Vprovadzhennia inzhenerno-tekhnichnykh zakhodiv tsyvilnoho zakhystu: seriia praktychnykh poradnykiv (Organization of shelter of the population in the fund of protective structures of civil defense. Implementation of engineering and technical measures of civil protection) //O.Ia. Leshchenko, H.V. Truntsev, V.M. Mykhailov, M.V. Andriienko, V.F. Korobkin, N.M. Romaniuk, L.V. Kalynenko; za zah. red. P.B. Volianskoho, S.A. Partaliana. K. : IDU ND TsZ, 2021. Seriia 9. p. 63.
Zhydkova T.V., Chepurna S.M. Orhanizatsiia zakhystu tsyvilnoho naselennia v bahatopoverkhovykh zhytlovykh budynkakh (Organization of protection of the civilian population in high-rise residential buildings) // Mistobuduvannia ta terytorialneplanuvannia: Nauk.-tekhn. zbirnyk – K., KNUBA, 2022. – Vyp. 80. – S. 191-202.
Zhydkova T.V., Hleba V.Yu, Nasibovych A.O., Zhlobnitskyi A.V. Prohrama zakhodiv, shchodo suchasnykh zasobiv zakhystu tsyvilnoho naselennia (Program of measures regarding modern means of protection of the civilian population) // Ukrainskyizhurnalbudivnytstva ta arkhitektury: Nauk.-tekhn. zbirnyk – DVNZ Prydniprovskaderzhavnaakademiiabudivnytstva ta arkhitektury, 2022. – №3 (009). – p. 52-58
Liliia Gnatiuk, Hanna Novik. Metal in the design of public transport stops / MATEC Web of Conferences 2018 | conference-paper DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201817003008 EID: 2-s2.0-85049459733
L. Gnatiuk, H. Novik, M. Melnyk. Metal and iron construction in sacral spaces haping / L. Gnatiuk, H. Novik, M. Melnyk /IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. – 2020. – V. 953(1). – P-p. 10. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/953/1/012078 ISSN: 1757-8981.
DBN V.1.2-14:2018 Systema zabezpechennia nadiinosti ta bezpeky budivelnykh obiektiv. Zahalni pryntsypy zabezpechennia nadiinosti ta konstruktyvnoi bezpeky budivel I sporud (The system for ensuring the reliability and safety of construction objects. General principles of ensuring the reliability and structural safety of buildings and structures) Chynnyi vid 2019–01–01. – Kyiv.: Minrehion. 2018.
Voloshchenko O.I., Kushnirenko M.H., Chernykh I.V. Udoskonalennia metodyky rozrakhunku konstruktsii pokryttia zakrytykh polovykh fortyfikatsiinykh sporud dlia zabezpechennia zhyvuchosti viisk u suchasnomu zbroinomu konflikti (Improvement of the calculation methodology for covering constructions of the covered field fortifications to ensure the surviv ability of troops in a modern armed conflict) // Opir materialiv I teoriia sporud: nauk.-tekh. zbirn. – K: KNUBA, 2021. – Vyp. 106. – p. 282-295.
Yehorov Ye.A., Kupnievych L.V. Mobilni fortyfikatsiini sporudy z vykorystanniam habioniv (Mobile fortification structures using gabions)(// Tezy dopovidei vseukrainskoho naukovo-praktychnoho forumu «PEREMOZHEMO – VIDBUDUIEMO!» p. 46-47.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
