Сomputer modeling and optimization of energy efficiency potentials in civil engineering

The paper presents the results of creating a software package for optimizing the calculation of potentials of alternative energy sources in the regions of Ukraine based on BIM technologies (AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, Revit), which are combined using the IFC format. The software package uses mathematical and graph-analytical models of climate and energy zoning in the regions of Ukraine, and with the help of MS Excel visualizes the research process and automates, accelerates optimal decision in design, reconstruction and construction. The process of forming a database for traditional energy sources (electricity, oil products, natural gas, coal, firewood) and a database of energy potentials of alternative energy sources (solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, hydropower of small rivers, potentials of livestock and crop biomass potential of excess pressure of natural gas, potentials of heat of soil, ground and sewage, potentials of energy of peat and forest waste) for all regions of Ukraine. The structure of the software package and a block diagram has been developed, all indicators are reduced to a single unit of measurement (MW*h / year per 1000 people). To analyze and make optimal decisions, informative-illustrative bar and sector pie charts are built in MS Excel on five main areas of energy consumption, taking into account alternative energy sources for each region of Ukraine. The general analysis of energy consumption and optimization calculations are carried out with the help of informative-illustrative diagram SANKEY, which is created with the help of "SankeyDiagramGenerator", and visualizes the whole process of graph-analytical modeling of energy consumption in Ukraine.

Introduction. The creation a software of optimization energy sources based on mathematical and graphical models of climatic and energy zoning of Ukraine for a comprehensive assessment of energy efficiency district and making optimal decisions, and their further implementation in the practice of design, construction and reconstruction of facilities in this area [1]. The developed software package for optimization and graphical presentation of energy efficiency results uses BIM tools (AutoCAD, ArchiCAD, Revit), which are combined using the IFC format, which allows to make optimal decisions on energy efficiency of natural resources in the region of Ukraine. Using the capabilities of MS Excel complex visualizes the entire research process and accelerates and automates further opportunities for the development of integrated design, construction and reconstruction of buildings and structures [2].
1.Formation of a database. The development of the software package begins with the formation of a database of traditional energy sources of the regions of Ukraine in terms of five main areas of energy consumption: electricity (hydroelectric power, nuclear electricity, thermal electricity) in MW; petroleum products (motor gasoline, diesel fuel, fuel oil) in thousands of tons; natural gas in million m3; coal in thousands of tons; firewood thousand m3 (table 1). Parallel, a database of energy potentials of alternative energy sources in the regions of Ukraine is being formed: -solar energy potential (MW*h / year); -expedient hydraulic potential of small rivers (MW*h / year); -energy potential of livestock biomass (ton of fuel / year); -energy potential of plant biomass (thousand MW*h / year); -energy potential of forest waste (tons of fuel / year); -thermal potential of geothermal energy (MW); -expedient economic potential of blast furnace gas overpressure energy resources (thousand MW*h / year); -expedient economic potential of excess natural gas pressure (thousand MW*h / year); -expedient economic potential of peat (million MW*h / year); -expedient economic energy potential of soil and groundwater heat (thousand MW*h / year); -expedient economic potential of thermal energy of sewage (thousand MW*h / year); -technically achievable wind potential up to 60 m (kW*h / m2), here the possibilities of using up to 200 thousand m2 of wind energy per region are taken into account (table 2) [3]. Table 2 Energy potentials of alternative energy sources in the regions of Ukraine Informative and illustrative synthesizing bar charts for traditional energy sources are created, which show the energy consumption levels of the regions of Ukraine (electricity, oil, coal, natural gas, firewood) in MW*h / year per 1000 people, which also reflect it as a percentage [4].
3. Optimization graphanalytical models of energy consumption. To make optimal decisions, the analysis of energy consumption is carried out taking into account the possible use of energy potentials of alternative energy sources of the regions of Ukraine in the form of informative and illustrative synthesizing pie charts in MS Excel. The diagrams highlight the sectors of possible replacement of traditional energy sources with alternatives in digital and percentage values. In fig. 2 presents a bar chart of the existing energy consumption of the region of Ukraine and sectoral charts of optimization of energy sources in five areas on the example of Kyiv region.  The general analysis of energy consumption is carried out with the help of informative-illustrative technological diagram SANKEY, which visualizes the whole process of graph-analytical modeling of energy consumption and optimizes the rational use of energy potentials of the regions of Ukraine. The decision-making process is divided into streams, the values of which are illustrated in digital and percentage ratios. The created SANKEY diagrams give the chance to move streams, to adjust their sizes, to cancel superfluous and to add new, and also to continue the analysis in other directions and with other parameters [5]. The SANKEY optimization diagram on the example of Kyiv region is showed in fig. 3. 4. Working with the software interface. The whole process of graphanalytical modeling of energy consumption in the regions of Ukraine is displayed on a computer screen. To the left of the column are the names of regions of Ukraine that are active, when you press "ENTER", when the cursor is on the name of the region, the whole process of modeling and the results of optimization of energy consumption in this area in separate "windows". The first window builds an initial bar chart of the region's existing energy consumption. Next, five pie charts are constructed showing the possibility of substituting electricity, oil products, coal, natural gas and firewood for the potentials of alternative energy sources that are achievable for this region of Ukraine. The process is summarized by modeling a SANKEY diagram that optimizes with graph-analytical modeling energy consumption and the choice of an efficient model for the selected region.

Conclusions.
The graph-analytical model of complex analysis and optimization of energy efficiency allows to assess the prospects of using the energy potentials of the regions of Ukraine, and to determine the most optimal directions of their introduction into the energy system to increase energy efficiency of buildings and structures. Modeling also allows us to visualize the decision-making process in the design of new and reconstruction of existing architectural objects, which greatly facilitates the work of designers, and lays the foundations for accurate selection of climatic parameters for further using. This model identifies the main directions in improving the energy efficiency of the regions, taking into account their potential of using of alternative energy sources, and provides an opportunity to form a comprehensive graph-analytical model of the building for further use and compilation of its energy passport.
The developed software package of optimization and graph-analytical modeling of energy efficiency of the regions of Ukraine automates the process of making optimal decisions in determining the energy consumption conditions of construction areas. General analysis of energy consumption and optimization calculations are performed using the informative-illustrative diagram SANKEY, which is created using "SankeyDiagramGenerator" and visualizes the whole process of graph-analytical modeling of energy consumption in Ukraine, which significantly accelerates decision-making in designing and identifying promising areas. The databases used for the operation of the software package can be updated with new data, which significantly expands the possibilities of using the software package in the future.
The results of research and a comprehensive optimization model of energy efficiency of areas in the regions of Ukraine are presented in the form of a software package posted on the site [6].